flycatching

Flycatching is the feeding strategy of capturing flying insects in mid-air. While the term is used for a range of birds that specialize in aerial insectivory, it describes a foraging behavior rather than a strict taxonomic group. In birds, flycatching is commonly associated with several groups known as flycatchers, as well as many other insectivorous species that catch prey in flight.

Foraging methods include perching at an exposed site and making quick sallies to catch prey in flight, returning to the perch or to another location. This habit is often called sallying or hawking. Some birds continually move through vegetation and strike at insects in mid-flight; others glean from leaves or surfaces. Adaptations such as fast, maneuverable flight, keen vision, and in some species a broad, flat bill with rictal bristles aid in catching insects in cluttered airspace or low light.

Taxonomy and examples: In the Americas, tyrant flycatchers (family Tyrannidae) include species such as the great kiskadee, eastern kingbird, and various phoebes. In Eurasia and Africa, Old World flycatchers (family Muscicapidae) include pied flycatchers (Ficedula hypoleuca) and spotted flycatchers (Muscicapa striata). Some lineages are highly specialized for open habitats, wetlands, or forest edges. Many flycatchers are migratory, breeding in temperate regions and wintering in the tropics.

Ecological role and status: Flycatchers help regulate insect populations and can serve as indicators of habitat quality. They are affected by habitat loss, climate change, and pesticide use, making conservation of foraging habitats important for their persistence.