exoelectric

Exoelectric is a term used in physics and geophysics to describe electric phenomena that are induced by external stimuli, rather than arising solely from a material’s intrinsic polarization. In materials science, exoelectric effects refer to the generation or modulation of electric charge or potential in response to external mechanical, magnetic, or electromagnetic influences.

In geophysics, exoelectric signals are electrical signals detected in rocks or soils that scientists attribute to stress, deformation, fluid movement, or other external forces associated with geologic processes. Proposed mechanisms include piezoelectric effects in mineral grains such as quartz under stress, electrokinetic effects from fluid flow through porous media, and triboelectric charging from rock–rock or rock–fluid interactions. The term is used in different ways by researchers, and some authorities apply exoelectric more narrowly to specific geophysical contexts while others use it as a broader umbrella for external-stimulus–driven electrical responses.

As a research area, exoelectric phenomena are explored for sensing applications, nondestructive testing, and potential indicators in seismology. However, separating exoelectric signals from other electrical effects in natural environments remains challenging, and the mechanisms are still a matter of investigation and debate. Exoelectric research often intersects with related concepts such as piezoelectricity, triboelectric effects, electrokinetics, and magnetoelectric phenomena, highlighting the diverse ways external forces can couple to electrical responses in materials and Earth systems.