geologic

Geologic is an adjective pertaining to geology, the science concerned with Earth's materials, structure, processes, and history. It describes rocks, formations, and the processes that shape the planet. In American usage, geologic is the common form when modifying nouns (geologic time, geologic map), while geological is widely used in British usage and in broader contexts.

Common geologic terms include the geologic time scale, which organizes Earth's history into eons, eras, and periods; geologic maps that depict the distribution and relationships of rock units; and geologic formations and sedimentary sequences. Geologic processes include plate tectonics, volcanism, erosion, and sedimentation, which create and modify rocks and landscapes. Geologic hazards such as earthquakes, landslides, and tsunamis are assessed through geologic study.

Geologic research employs field observations, sample collection, radiometric dating, stratigraphy, and geophysical methods to determine the age, origin, and history of rocks and landscapes. The term is widely used in geology, earth science, and natural-resource studies. Geologic findings contribute to understanding natural resources, environmental change, and hazard assessment.