electricalmechanical

Electrical mechanical, more commonly referred to as electromechanical, refers to systems and devices that couple electrical energy with mechanical motion or force. It covers both the components that convert electrical energy into motion and those that convert mechanical energy into electrical signals, as well as the integrated systems that combine these functions. The field overlaps with mechatronics and encompasses stand-alone devices and complex, automated systems.

Core components include motors (AC, DC, servo, brushless), actuators (linear and rotary), solenoids, and relays, along with transducers such as encoders and sensors that provide feedback. Electromechanical devices rely on electromagnetic phenomena to produce motion or to sense position, force, or speed. Power electronics and motor drives control electrical inputs to achieve desired performance, while control loops use feedback from sensors to regulate motion, torque, or velocity.

Modeling and analysis combine electrical circuit theory with dynamic mechanical modeling and control theory. Design often employs simulation, system identification, and, for mechanical parts, finite element methods. Key design considerations include efficiency, thermal management, electromagnetic compatibility, lubrication and wear, noise, and reliability. The integration of mechanical design with electrical and control subsystems is a hallmark of the field, requiring multidisciplinary collaboration.

Applications span robotics, industrial automation, aerospace, automotive systems, medical devices, and consumer electronics. The term electromechanical is sometimes used interchangeably with electromechanical systems or electromechanics; it is closely related to mechatronics, which emphasizes integrated sensing, actuation, and control. The field has historical roots in electric motors and relays and continues to evolve with new smart actuators, energy-efficient drives, and advanced control methods.