ebony

Ebony is a dense, dark hardwood derived from several species of the genus Diospyros, native to tropical regions of Africa and Asia. The best-known varieties are Diospyros ebenum (Ceylon ebony), Diospyros crassiflora (African ebony), and Diospyros celebica (Makassar ebony). The wood typically ranges from jet black to deep brown, often with subtle purplish or reddish highlights; the sapwood is pale.

Ebony is prized for its extraordinary density, hardness, and fine texture. It takes a high polish and finishes to a smooth, even surface, qualities that have made it a preferred material for decorative and functional items. Historically it has been used for piano keys, chess pieces, inlays, high-end furniture, sculptural carving, and various parts of musical instruments such as fingerboards and fittings.

Growth is slow and trees are long-lived, contributing to its depletion in many regions. As a result, many ebony species are subject to trade controls under international agreements, such as CITES, to regulate harvesting and export. Modern production often relies on reclaimed material, well-managed forests, and substitutions where appropriate.

The term ebony is also used in color naming to denote a deep, true black shade. In cultural and artistic contexts, ebony has long been valued for its beauty and rarity, and continues to appear in traditional crafts as well as contemporary design.