diyabete

Diabetes mellitus, commonly known as diabetes, is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose (sugar). This persistent hyperglycemia arises from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar. When the body doesn't produce enough insulin or can't effectively use the insulin it produces, glucose builds up in the bloodstream instead of being used for energy.

There are several main types of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the body's immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. This typically results in little to no insulin production, and individuals with type 1 diabetes require lifelong insulin therapy. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form, characterized by insulin resistance, where the body's cells don't respond properly to insulin, and a progressive decline in insulin secretion. It is often associated with lifestyle factors such as obesity and lack of physical activity, though genetics also plays a role. Gestational diabetes is a temporary condition that develops during pregnancy and usually resolves after childbirth, but it increases the risk of type 2 diabetes for both mother and child later in life.

Symptoms of diabetes can include frequent urination, excessive thirst, unexplained weight loss, increased hunger, fatigue, blurred vision, and slow-healing sores. Over time, uncontrolled diabetes can lead to serious long-term complications affecting the heart, blood vessels, nerves, eyes, and kidneys. Diagnosis is typically made through blood tests that measure glucose levels. Management strategies vary depending on the type of diabetes and can include lifestyle modifications like diet and exercise, oral medications, and insulin injections. Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels is crucial for effective management.