dismenorröa

Dismenorrea refers to painful menstrual cramps. It is a common condition experienced by many women of reproductive age. There are two main types: primary and secondary. Primary dysmenorrhea is not caused by an underlying medical condition and typically begins shortly after menstruation starts. It is thought to be caused by the release of prostaglandins, hormone-like substances that cause uterine muscles to contract. Secondary dysmenorrhea, on the other hand, is caused by a specific medical condition, such as endometriosis, uterine fibroids, or pelvic inflammatory disease.

Symptoms of dysmenorrhea can vary but commonly include cramping in the lower abdomen, which may radiate to the back or thighs. Other associated symptoms can include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, and fatigue. The intensity of pain can range from mild to severe and can interfere with daily activities.

Diagnosis usually involves a medical history, a physical examination, and sometimes imaging tests like an ultrasound to rule out secondary causes. Treatment for primary dysmenorrhea often includes over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen or naproxen, which help reduce prostaglandin production. Hormonal birth control methods, like pills, patches, or vaginal rings, can also be effective in reducing menstrual pain. For secondary dysmenorrhea, treatment focuses on addressing the underlying medical condition. Lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, stress management, and dietary adjustments may also help alleviate symptoms for some individuals.