coif

A coif is a close-fitting cap worn to cover the head, typically by women and girls, and often worn as part of historical or ceremonial dress. In English and other European contexts, the term describes a simple, cap-like headdress that sits along the hairline and may be worn under or with other coverings such as veils, wimples, or hoods. Coifs were usually made from linen or wool and could be plain or decorated with embroidery, pleats, or edging. Some versions were stiffened at the edge to help them keep their shape.

Historically, the coif was common in medieval and early modern Europe and appeared in various regional forms. It served both practical and social functions: it kept hair covered and clean, protected modesty, and could indicate status or marital condition when worn with other elements of dress. In religious settings, coifs are a standard feature of many habits, worn under veils and as part of convent attire.

Over time, the coif largely disappeared from everyday fashion, persisting mainly in historical costume, religious orders, and certain ceremonial contexts. In modern usage, references to a coif are typically found in discussions of medieval costume, archival portraits, or the study of dress history. The term is closely associated with related head coverings such as the wimple, veil, and hood, and serves as a point of reference for understanding historical women's dress.