chokehold

A chokehold is a grappling technique that constricts the neck, with the aim of reducing blood flow to the brain or cutting off the airway. It can involve compression of the carotid arteries (a vascular or carotid restraint) or pressure on the trachea or windpipe (an airway choke). Some holds combine elements of both. In sports and martial arts, chokeholds are used to compel an opponent to submit; in policing, they have been used as a force option but are subject to strict rules.

Two main categories are vascular (carotid) restraint and airway chokes. The vascular hold interrupts blood flow to the brain, potentially causing loss of consciousness within seconds; the airway hold compresses the windpipe and can cause rapid asphyxia. Improper application or excessive force can cause serious injury or death, including brain injury, nerve or spinal damage, and airway trauma. Risk is heightened for people with certain medical conditions, intoxication, or vulnerable populations such as children or the elderly.

Legal and policy context varies. Many jurisdictions prohibit chokeholds by law enforcement or impose strict restrictions, de-escalation requirements, and ongoing training. Medical, policing, and civil rights organizations emphasize careful procedure, monitoring for hypoxia, and alternatives to force whenever possible.

History notes that chokeholds appear in various martial arts and combat sports for centuries. Their adoption in policing grew in the 20th century and has sparked ongoing reform and debate, leading to policy changes in many regions in recent decades.