elderly

The elderly are people aged 65 and older, though age thresholds vary by country and context. The term is used in demographics, health, and policy to describe a population subgroup that often faces distinct health and social needs, with some people remaining active and independent well into later life while others require varying levels of support.

Health and aging commonly involve a higher risk of chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and arthritis, as well as sensory impairments and mobility limitations. Cognitive changes can occur, ranging from normal aging to more serious conditions such as dementia. Maintaining health in later life typically emphasizes preventive care, vaccination, physical activity, balanced nutrition, social engagement, and regular medical review to manage multiple conditions.

Social and economic aspects influence the elderly experience. Many live independently, but some require assistance with daily activities or housing support. Retirement affects income and savings, and access to pension systems, health coverage, and social services shapes security in later life. Social isolation and transportation barriers can reduce participation in communities, while family caregiving remains a common responsibility alongside formal services.

Care systems and policy aim to provide access to appropriate support, including home-based care, assisted living, and skilled nursing care. Policies address affordability, elder abuse prevention, discrimination protections, and the rights of older adults to autonomy and dignity. Cultural norms influence expectations around family roles, independence, and involvement in decision-making.

Respectful language and ethical considerations are important. Recognizing diversity among older adults—including differences in health, culture, race, gender, sexuality, and socioeconomic status—helps ensure inclusion and the protection of autonomy, safety, and quality of life in aging populations.