sexuality

Sexuality refers to the capacity for sexual feelings, as well as a person's sexual attractions, identities, behaviors, and values. It includes biological, psychological, cultural, and social dimensions and may change throughout life. It often emerges in adolescence through puberty but can develop at different times.

Key components include sexual orientation (attraction to others), sexual identity (how one labels oneself), sex assigned at birth and gender identity, and sexual behavior. Sexual health emphasizes consent, safety, respectful relationships, and the ability to pursue physical and emotional well-being.

Sexual orientation categories commonly used include heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, pansexual, asexual, and other identities. Some individuals experience fluidity, and attractions can vary across time and context. Not all people have a fixed sexual identity or behavior.

Cultural and historical contexts shape norms, laws, and access to education and healthcare. Societal attitudes toward sexuality influence rights, stigma, and discrimination. Comprehensive sex education and informed consent are widely advocated to promote well-being.

In health care and research, sexuality is treated with attention to privacy, consent, and respect for diversity. Public health approaches address risks such as sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancies, while recognizing diverse relationships and family structures.