homosexual

Homosexual is a term used to describe a person whose romantic or sexual attraction is primarily toward people of the same sex. The term can apply to individuals of any gender; in common usage, people often refer to men as gay and women as lesbian.

Etymology and usage: The word combines Greek homo- meaning “same” with Latin sexualis. It arose in the 19th century within sexology and has since appeared in formal, medical, and legal contexts. In everyday language, many people and communities prefer “gay” or “lesbian,” while some still encounter the term “homosexual,” which can be perceived as clinical or stigmatizing depending on context and tone.

History and health: Attitudes toward homosexuality have varied widely across cultures and eras, from acceptance to criminalization. In the 20th century, major health and scientific organizations redefined homosexuality as a normal variation of human sexuality rather than a disorder, leading to greater social acceptance and legal protections in many places.

Legal and social status: Rights and social acceptance for people who are homosexual vary by country and region, with ongoing debates about marriage, parenting, education, and anti-discrimination protections. Conversion or reparative therapies are widely discredited by medical organizations and are restricted or banned in numerous jurisdictions, reflecting a broader shift toward recognizing sexual orientation as a natural aspect of human diversity.