bunader

A bunad, plural bunader, is a Norwegian traditional folk costume worn for formal occasions and celebrations. It functions as a regional symbol and is strongly associated with national identity, especially on Constitution Day (May 17), weddings, and other ceremonies. The bunad movement began in the 19th century as part of the national romantic and regional revival, drawing on older rural clothing while establishing standardized regional styles.

A bunad's design varies by region, but most outfits share components. Women's bunader typically include a blouse, a fitted bodice or jacket, a long skirt, and an apron; men’s outfits usually comprise a shirt, jacket or waistcoat, and trousers. Accessories—belts, shawls, and especially silver jewelry known as sølje—are common. Embroidery and trim, often in wool or linen, give each bunad its distinctive regional character, with styles such as Hardanger embroidery.

Because there are many districts, there are hundreds of distinct bunad designs across Norway. Colors, motifs, and metal fittings signal origin and sometimes social status or parish affiliation. Most bunader are custom-made or tailored for the wearer, and many are rented for events. They require careful upkeep, including cleaning, repairs, and sometimes re-erecting patterns or replacing fittings.

Today bunader are widely regarded as part of Norway's cultural heritage. They celebrate craftsmanship and local identity, and are worn at official events, weddings, and major celebrations. Numerous associations, workshops, and museums preserve patterns, provide instruction on sewing and etiquette, and help individuals choose appropriate designs.