basaliomien

Basaliomien are the plural form of basalioma, a common type of skin cancer known as basal cell carcinoma in English. Basaliomien arise from the basal cells of the epidermis or from hair follicle structures and are the most frequent form of skin cancer. They typically grow slowly and rarely spread to distant sites, but they can cause local tissue damage if not treated promptly.

Most basaliomien occur in sun-exposed areas, such as the face, ears, and neck. Risk factors include fair skin, prolonged ultraviolet exposure, advancing age, immunosuppression, prior radiotherapy, and certain genetic conditions like Gorlin syndrome. They present in several clinical subtypes, including nodular, superficial, morpheaform (sclerosing), and pigmented varieties, each with distinct appearances. Common signs are pearly or translucent nodules with visible blood vessels, sometimes with a central ulceration.

Diagnosis is based on clinical examination and dermoscopic features, with biopsy and histopathology used to confirm the diagnosis and guide treatment. Treatment choices depend on the tumor’s size, location, and subtype, and may include surgical excision with clear margins, Mohs micrographic surgery for facial and high-risk lesions, curettage and electrodesiccation, cryotherapy, or topical therapies (5-fluorouracil, imiquimod) for superficial tumors. Photodynamic therapy is another option for selected cases.

Prognosis is generally favorable with early and complete treatment, but recurrence can occur, especially for aggressive subtypes or incomplete removal. Prevention focuses on sun protection, avoidance of tanning beds, and regular skin checks to detect new or evolving lesions.