dermoscopic

Dermoscopy is a noninvasive imaging technique that enhances visualization of subsurface skin structures not normally seen with the naked eye. The term dermoscopic describes findings, methods, or procedures related to dermoscopy and is used to refer to observations or evaluations made with a dermoscope.

Technique and equipment vary, but most devices provide magnification (commonly around 10x) and use visible light, with some employing polarized light to reduce surface glare. Dermoscopy can be performed with contact devices that require a coupling medium or fluids, or with non-contact, polarized systems. Digital dermoscopy allows image capture, storage, and computer-assisted analysis.

Applications of dermoscopy are centered on evaluating skin lesions, especially pigmented ones, to distinguish malignant melanoma from benign nevi and other conditions. It is also used for nonpigmented vascular lesions and inflammatory skin diseases. When performed by trained clinicians, dermoscopy improves diagnostic accuracy and can reduce unnecessary biopsies.

Key features assessed in dermoscopic analysis include pigment networks, lines, dots and globules, streaks, blue-gray structures such as ovoid nests or peppering, and various patterns of regression. Vascular patterns (dots, glomerular, or serpentine vessels) may also be important. Pattern analysis, the ABCD rule, and other checklists guide interpretation and risk stratification.

Limitations include operator dependence and the need to integrate dermoscopic findings with clinical information and, when indicated, histopathology. Dermoscopy is a complementary tool in dermatology and skin cancer screening, supported by ongoing training and research.