bagvalvemask

Bag-valve-mask (BVM) resuscitator is a hand-held device used to provide positive pressure ventilation to patients who are not breathing or not breathing adequately. It consists of a self-inflating bag, a one-way valve, a transparent facemask, and often an oxygen reservoir. The device is available in multiple mask sizes to fit adults, children, and infants, and can deliver air from ambient surroundings or, when connected, enriched oxygen.

To ventilate, a clinician places the mask over the patient’s nose and mouth, creates a seal, and squeezes the bag to inflate the lungs. A typical ventilation rate for adults is about 10 to 12 breaths per minute, with each breath delivered over about one second and followed by a brief pause for exhalation. In some settings, a two-person technique is used to improve seal and bag control. It is commonly used during CPR and prehospital emergencies and before advanced airway management.

An oxygen reservoir can be attached to increase the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), with values approaching 100% in ideal conditions when used with a high flow. Masks come in various sizes and can be supplemented with adjuncts such as oropharyngeal airways. BVM use requires training to avoid hyperventilation, excessive airway pressure, or gastric insufflation, and to ensure proper seal, patient positioning, and timely transition to advanced airway devices.

Maintenance and safety: Inspect for cracks, elasticity loss, valve integrity, and mask fit. Clean and disinfect according to local protocols; replace worn or damaged components. BVMs are standard equipment for emergency responders, hospitals, and clinics and are taught as part of basic and advanced life support programs.