amniokentesi

Amniokentesi, commonly known as amniocentesis, is a prenatal diagnostic procedure used primarily during pregnancy to detect certain birth defects or genetic conditions in a developing fetus. The test involves the extraction of a small amount of amniotic fluid, which surrounds and protects the fetus during development, for laboratory analysis. This fluid contains fetal cells and proteins that can provide valuable information about the health and genetic makeup of the baby.

The procedure is typically performed between the 15th and 20th week of pregnancy, though it can be conducted earlier or later depending on medical necessity. A healthcare professional uses a thin needle to withdraw a small sample of amniotic fluid from the amniotic sac, guided by ultrasound imaging to ensure accuracy and safety. The process usually takes less than 30 minutes and is considered relatively safe, though it carries a small risk of complications such as miscarriage, infection, or injury to the fetus.

Amniokentesi is often recommended for women who are at higher risk of having a child with genetic disorders, such as Down syndrome, spinal bifida, or chromosomal abnormalities. It can also be used to determine the sex of the fetus, though this is not a primary purpose of the test. The results are typically available within one to three weeks, depending on the specific tests requested. While amniokentesi provides detailed information about fetal health, it is not a screening test but rather a diagnostic one, meaning it is used when there is already some indication of potential issues.

The procedure is generally well-tolerated, though some women may experience mild discomfort, cramping, or spotting afterward. Most continue their pregnancies normally following the test. Amniokentesi is one of several prenatal diagnostic tools available, alongside options such as chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT), each with its own advantages and considerations. Women considering the procedure should discuss the potential benefits and risks with their healthcare provider to make an informed decision.