absesseihin

An abscess is a localized collection of pus within a tissue, typically arising from infection that triggers an inflammatory response and pus formation. Most abscesses develop when neutrophils and bacteria accumulate, causing tissue destruction and a pocket of purulent material. The most common organism is Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant strains, but mixed infections with anaerobes or other bacteria can occur.

Abscesses can occur anywhere, with cutaneous abscesses being the most frequent. Other common sites include the oral cavity (dental abscess), the skin and soft tissues of the limbs, the peritoneal cavity, and the pelvic region. Risk factors include skin breakdown, poor hygiene, diabetes, immune suppression, and recent trauma or surgery.

Patients typically present with localized swelling, redness, warmth, and pain, sometimes with fever or malaise. A fluctuating, tender lump that may drain spontaneously is typical. Diagnosis is usually clinical; imaging such as ultrasound is used for uncertain or deep abscesses, while CT may be needed for intra-abdominal or pelvic abscesses. Cultures may guide antibiotic choices, especially in recurrent or complicated cases.

Management centers on drainage and infection control. For simple skin abscesses, incision and drainage (I&D) is the primary treatment; antibiotics are often not required unless there are signs of systemic infection, extensive surrounding cellulitis, immunosuppression, or very large abscesses. When antibiotics are used, options include agents active against MRSA (eg, TMP-SMX, doxycycline, or clindamycin) as appropriate for local resistance. Dental abscesses may require dental procedures such as drainage, root canal, or extraction.

Complications include spread of infection, cellulitis, sepsis, necrotizing fasciitis, and recurrence. Prognosis is generally good with proper drainage and source control. Prevention focuses on wound care, hygiene, and managing underlying conditions like diabetes.