intraabdominal

Intraabdominal is a medical term describing structures, processes, or conditions located within the abdomen, principally inside the peritoneal cavity. The peritoneum consists of a parietal layer lining the abdominal wall and a visceral layer covering abdominal organs, with the peritoneal cavity as a potential space between them that normally contains a small amount of lubricating fluid.

Anatomically, abdominal organs are categorized as intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal. Intraperitoneal organs are completely enclosed by visceral peritoneum and lie within the peritoneal cavity; examples include the stomach, liver, spleen, jejunum and ileum, transverse colon, and the sigmoid colon, as well as the gallbladder. Retroperitoneal organs lie behind the peritoneum, outside the peritoneal cavity, such as the kidneys and adrenal glands, most of the pancreas and duodenum, and parts of the colon and aorta. Some organs have mixed relationships with the peritoneum.

Clinically, the term intraabdominal relates to a range of pathologies and conditions within the abdominal cavity. These include infections such as peritonitis, inflammatory diseases like pancreatitis or appendicitis, perforation with leakage into the peritoneal cavity, and events leading to increased intraabdominal pressure. Elevated intraabdominal pressure can result in abdominal compartment syndrome, a serious condition that may require urgent intervention.

Diagnosis relies on clinical assessment supported by imaging, including ultrasound and computed tomography, along with laboratory tests. Management targets the underlying cause and may involve antibiotics, drainage, or surgical or endoscopic procedures to achieve source control and restore organ function.