purulent

Purulent is a medical term used to describe tissue or exudate that contains pus, or an inflammatory process characterized by pus production. In clinical notes it distinguishes purulent infections or discharges from non-purulent inflammation such as serous or fibrinous exudates.

Purulence is associated with pyogenic bacteria and other pathogens that elicit a strong neutrophilic response. It commonly accompanies abscesses, infected wounds, cellulitis with suppuration, otitis media with purulent discharge, purulent conjunctivitis, pneumonia with purulent sputum, and septic processes. The color and consistency of purulent discharge can vary from yellow to green and may have a foul odor.

Pathophysiology involves an acute inflammatory reaction in which neutrophils, bacteria, necrotic tissue, and fluid accumulate to form pus. This process reflects attempts to localize infection and eradicate pathogens, and it can lead to tissue destruction if not managed appropriately.

Diagnosis and management emphasize targeting the underlying infection. The presence of purulence supports a bacterial etiology but is not diagnostic on its own. Sampling of purulent material for culture or Gram stain helps guide antibiotic therapy. Treatment may include antimicrobial agents, drainage or incision and drainage of abscesses, thorough wound care, debridement of necrotic tissue when necessary, and supportive care.

See also: purulence, pus.