exudate

Exudate is fluid that escapes from blood vessels or tissues, typically as a result of inflammation. Unlike transudate, exudate is rich in proteins, cells, and other molecular debris. The escape of fluid and cells is driven by inflammatory mediators that increase vascular permeability.

Exudates are classified by appearance and content. Serous exudate is thin and clear or pale; serosanguinous contains blood mixed with serum; fibrinous exudate is thick and fibrin-rich; purulent exudate (pus) contains neutrophils and microbial debris; hemorrhagic exudate is heavily blood-laden.

In clinical contexts, exudate appears in wounds, infections, and serous cavities such as the pleural or peritoneal spaces. It signals active inflammation and tissue injury; excessive or persistent exudate can impair healing and may require drainage, culture to identify infection, and targeted therapy.

Assessment includes visual inspection, odor, and viscosity; laboratory analysis may determine protein content, cell counts, and microbial growth. Management aims to treat the underlying cause and manage drainage and wound care; changes in exudate quantity or quality can indicate response to therapy.