Yowls

A yowl is a long, mournful vocalization made by some mammals, most notably domestic cats. As a noun, it refers to the cry itself; as a verb, to emit such a cry. The term is onomatopoeic, imitating the audio quality of the sound. In common usage, yowls are associated with felines, though similar drawn-out cries can occur in other species.

Description and characteristics

Yowls are typically longer and more plaintive than a standard meow, with a rising and falling pitch that may include a trill or oscillation. They can be loud and sustained, sometimes emitted in sequences or interspersed with pauses. The exact tone and duration can vary by individual cat and context, and nocturnal yowling is a well-publicized behavior among domestic cats.

Contexts and causes

Yowling serves multiple functions. In unspayed or unneutered cats, it is often a mating call intended to attract a mate. Cats may yowl to defend territory, signal distress, or seek attention from humans or other animals. Medical issues such as dental disease, kidney problems, or pain can cause increased vocalization. Older cats may yowl due to cognitive dysfunction or discomfort. Because yowling can be amplified at night, environmental factors, hunger, loneliness, or changes in routine can also contribute.

Management and interpretation

Persistent or new yowling warrants a veterinary evaluation to rule out illness. Behavioral approaches include ensuring adequate feeding, enrichment, companionship, and predictable routines. Spaying or neutering can reduce mating-related yowling, while addressing stressors and providing comfortable environments can lessen distress-driven vocalizations.