unneutered

Unneutered is an adjective used to describe an animal that has not undergone neutering or sterilization. The term is most often applied to companion animals such as cats and dogs, but may also refer to other species. Neutering generally refers to surgical procedures that permanently prevent reproduction: spaying for females (ovariohysterectomy) and neutering for males (orchiectomy). The phrase unneutered describes the opposite condition of being surgically altered.

Unneutered animals may exhibit reproductive behaviors that can influence training, housing, and welfare. Unneutered males are more likely to roam, show territorial or fighting tendencies, and engage in urine marking. Unneutered females go into estrus, which can include vocalization and mating behaviors. Unwanted litters are more likely when multiple unneutered animals are in the same area.

Health and welfare considerations associated with neutering include potential changes in cancer risk and other conditions, as well as effects on growth, metabolism, and weight. For many pets, neutering can reduce the risk of reproductive diseases and certain cancers and can lessen behaviors that complicate care. However, the timing and individual factors such as age, breed, and health status influence outcomes, so veterinary guidance is recommended.

In many regions, shelters and welfare organizations promote or require neutering as part of adoption to prevent overpopulation. Public policies vary, and decisions about neutering should consider the animal’s welfare, owner ability to manage a non-neutered animal, and veterinarian advice. The term unneutered is primarily used for animals; in human contexts, sterilization is described with different terminology.