Unepuudust

Unepuudust (sleep deprivation) is a condition that results from inadequate sleep. In Estonian, unepuudust is the genitive form of unepuudus, typically translated as “sleep deprivation.” For adults, health guidelines generally recommend seven to nine hours of sleep per night; deprivation can be acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term).

Causes include insufficient sleep due to lifestyle choices, demanding work schedules, caregiving responsibilities, or travel. Medical conditions such as insomnia, sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome, and other sleep disorders can contribute. Medications, caffeine use, alcohol, and underlying mental health issues can also play a role.

Symptoms commonly include daytime sleepiness, difficulty concentrating, slower reaction times, mood disturbances, and memory problems. Some individuals may experience brief, involuntary micro-sleeps, especially during monotonous tasks, which can raise the risk of accidents.

Consequences of prolonged unepuudust extend beyond fatigue. Short-term effects include impaired performance and safety risks, while chronic deprivation is associated with higher risks of cardiovascular disease, obesity, type 2 diabetes, weakened immune function, and mood disorders such as anxiety or depression.

Diagnosis is typically based on patient history and reported sleep patterns, often using sleep diaries. In cases where a sleep disorder is suspected, clinical evaluation may include overnight testing (polysomnography) or referral to a sleep specialist. Management focuses on improving sleep hygiene and addressing contributing factors. Techniques such as establishing a regular sleep schedule, limiting caffeine and alcohol, and creating a conducive sleep environment are foundational. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is evidence-based and effective, with medications considered only under professional supervision for short-term use when appropriate.

Public health perspectives emphasize awareness, education, and strategies to reduce sleep deprivation, including work-hour policies and stress-management resources.