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Ultrasoundbased

Ultrasound-based refers to techniques and devices that use ultrasonic waves, typically in the megahertz range, to transmit, receive, and analyze acoustic signals. The approach is non-invasive and relies on the interaction of sound with matter to produce information about structure, motion, and mechanical properties of tissues or materials.

In medicine, ultrasound-based imaging (ultrasonography) provides real-time visualization of internal structures by detecting echoes returned from

In industry, ultrasound supports non-destructive testing and materials evaluation, including flaw detection, thickness measurements, and weld

Technically, ultrasound-based systems rely on transducers (often piezoelectric), electronic pulsing, and signal reception. Image formation uses

Limitations include operator dependence, attenuation by bone or air, limited penetration depth for some tissues, and

tissue
interfaces
(B-mode).
Doppler
ultrasound
assesses
blood
flow
and
heart
motion
by
measuring
frequency
shifts.
Advances
include
elastography,
which
maps
tissue
stiffness,
and
ultrasound-guided
procedures
such
as
biopsies
and
injections.
Therapeutically,
focused
ultrasound
can
ablate
tissue
(HIFU)
or
enhance
drug
delivery
with
microbubble
contrast
and
low-intensity
ultrasound.
inspection.
It
is
also
used
for
cleaning,
emulsification,
and
material
characterization.
Underwater
and
sonar
applications
exploit
higher-power
acoustic
systems,
but
those
fall
under
broader
acoustics
rather
than
biomedical
contexts.
beamforming
and
focusing;
common
modes
include
A-mode,
B-mode,
and
M-mode,
while
arrays
enable
2D
and
3D
imaging.
Safety
considerations
emphasize
non-ionizing
energy
exposure
and
adherence
to
exposure
guidelines.
susceptibility
to
artifacts.
Ongoing
research
pursues
higher
resolution,
3D/4D
visualization,
contrast-enhanced
techniques,
elastography,
and
integration
with
artificial
intelligence
for
image
interpretation.