Tromboektomia

Tromboektomia is a surgical procedure designed to remove a thrombus, or blood clot, from a blood vessel. The term originates from the Greek words *thrombos* (thrombus) and *ektomia* (removal). This intervention is typically performed when a clot obstructs blood flow, potentially causing severe complications such as ischemia (restricted blood supply) or infarction (tissue death). The procedure is most commonly associated with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or arterial clots, particularly in critical areas like the heart or brain.

The surgery is usually conducted under local or general anesthesia, depending on the location and complexity of the clot. A vascular surgeon makes an incision near the affected vessel, locates the thrombus, and carefully removes it using specialized tools. In some cases, additional techniques such as thrombectomy catheters or mechanical devices may be employed to break up or extract the clot without a large incision. Post-procedure, patients are monitored for signs of bleeding, infection, or recurrence of clotting.

Tromboektomia is often a last-resort measure when less invasive treatments, such as anticoagulant medications or thrombolytic therapy, are ineffective or contraindicated. Complications can include bleeding, damage to surrounding tissues, or the formation of new clots. Recovery time varies but generally involves several days of hospitalization followed by a period of restricted activity to allow proper healing. Long-term management typically includes anticoagulant therapy to prevent future clot formation.

The procedure’s success depends on early detection and intervention, as delays can increase the risk of permanent damage. Advances in medical technology have improved outcomes, making tromboektomia a more precise and less invasive option in many cases. However, it remains a specialized procedure best performed by experienced vascular surgeons in appropriate clinical settings.