Traupidae

Traupidae is a family of passerine birds commonly known as tanagers and allies. This family is primarily found in the Americas, with a wide distribution ranging from North America south to South America. Traupidae comprises a diverse group of birds, characterized by their generally small to medium size, strong feet, and often brightly colored plumage, though some species are more subdued in appearance. The exact taxonomic classification and composition of Traupidae have been subject to revision, with some previously included groups now placed in separate families.

The diet of traupids varies depending on the species, but many are omnivorous, feeding on fruits, seeds, insects, and nectar. Their foraging behavior also differs, with some species being arboreal, while others forage on the ground. Traupids are known for their varied vocalizations, often consisting of complex songs and calls. They typically build cup-shaped nests in trees or shrubs, and clutch sizes are usually between two to five eggs. Their ecological roles are significant, acting as seed dispersers and insect predators within their respective habitats.

Notable genera within Traupidae include Thraupis, known for species like the Palm Tanager, and Tangara, which encompasses a large number of colorful neotropical species. The family's evolutionary history is complex, and ongoing research continues to refine our understanding of its relationships with other bird families. Conservation status varies among traupid species, with some being widespread and common, while others are threatened or endangered due to habitat loss and other factors.