Telesurgery
Telesurgery is the practice of performing surgical procedures with the surgeon located remotely from the patient, using robotic systems, data networks, and real-time communication. The surgeon operates a master console that controls robotic actuators at the patient site, while the procedure is supported by imaging, video, and telemetry. Telesurgery encompasses not only remote operation but also telementoring and teleproctoring, in which an expert guides or supervises procedures from a distance.
Technology and workflow: A typical setup includes a surgical robot, a high-bandwidth, low-latency network connection, and
Applications and impact: Telesurgery enables expert surgeons to perform complex or specialized operations in remote or
Challenges and considerations: Key obstacles include latency and reliability, risk management, cybersecurity, data privacy, costs, and
Future directions: Advances aim to reduce latency, enhance haptic feedback, improve imaging, and enable more autonomous