5G6G

5G6G is a portmanteau sometimes used to describe the evolution of wireless networks that lie between 5G and prospective sixth-generation technologies. It is an informal term and not a formal standard or specification. The concept is used to discuss future directions and research themes rather than a defined set of requirements.

Proposed themes associated with 5G6G include AI-native networks that automate optimization, edge computing to bring processing closer to users, and integrated sensing and communication that combine wireless connectivity with environmental sensing. The term also implies continued use of diverse spectrum, from sub-6 GHz to millimeter waves and potentially terahertz bands, and more flexible, cloud-native architectures such as Open Radio Access Network.

Standardization bodies and researchers have not agreed on a single definition of 5G6G. Work is primarily in the research and early trial stage, with industry roadmaps and theoretical studies outlining potential capabilities. Deployment timelines are uncertain and will depend on regulatory, technical, and economic factors.

Critically, 5G6G concepts face challenges including interoperability across vendors, spectrum allocation, security, and cost. If realized, they could enable higher data rates, lower latency, more precise positioning, and new applications such as immersive augmented reality, autonomous systems, and pervasive sensing.