Telangiektasier

Telangiektasier is a term used in dermatology to denote telangiectasia, the dilation of small superficial blood vessels near the skin surface or mucous membranes. It presents as red, fine, thread-like lines or spider-like clusters that blanch with pressure. Common sites include the face (especially the nose and cheeks), the legs, and mucosal surfaces.

Causes and associations: Telangiectasia can be congenital, as in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, or acquired. Acquired forms are linked to rosacea, chronic liver disease, sun exposure and aging, and vascular injury or certain medications. Environmental factors such as ultraviolet light and alcohol use may worsen facial telangiectasia.

Diagnosis: Diagnosis is usually clinical, based on observation. Dermoscopy can aid in distinguishing telangiectasia from other vascular lesions. In cases with suspected hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia or signs of systemic involvement, imaging studies and genetic testing may be used to assess arteriovenous malformations in organs such as the lungs, liver, or brain.

Management: There is no universal cure for telangiectasia, so treatment focuses on reducing visibility and preventing bleeding. Laser therapies (notably pulsed dye laser and potassium-toselective (KTP) lasers) and intense pulsed light can markedly improve appearance. Topical vasoconstrictors like brimonidine may transiently reduce redness. Addressing underlying conditions, sun protection, and lifestyle modifications are important components of care.

Prognosis and epidemiology: Isolated facial telangiectasia is typically a cosmetic concern with a favorable prognosis. When associated with systemic diseases, management becomes multidisciplinary. Telangiectasia is more noticeable in lighter skin tones and tends to become more prominent with age.