Tejleadás

Tejleadás, also known as lactation or milk expression, refers to the process by which milk is produced and released from the mammary glands. This natural biological function is primarily associated with mammals, including humans, and is essential for nourishing newborns during the early stages of life. In humans, lactation typically begins after childbirth and is stimulated by hormonal changes, particularly prolactin and oxytocin, which promote milk production and the ejection of milk, respectively.

The process of milk production and release is regulated by the body’s endocrine system. Prolactin, a hormone produced by the pituitary gland, signals the mammary glands to synthesize milk. Oxytocin, another hormone, triggers the "let-down reflex," which allows milk to flow from the alveoli (milk-producing cells) through the ducts and out of the nipples. This reflex can be stimulated by factors such as the infant’s suckling, manual expression, or even psychological cues like hearing a baby cry.

Tejleadás can also occur outside of breastfeeding, such as through manual or mechanical expression using pumps. This method is often employed by mothers who wish to store milk for later use, relieve engorgement, or maintain milk supply. In some cases, lactation may continue beyond weaning, though the volume and frequency of milk production naturally decline over time.

Cultural and societal attitudes toward lactation vary widely. In many traditional societies, breastfeeding is a widely accepted and supported practice, while in others, it may be less openly discussed or normalized. Modern medical guidelines generally recommend exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of an infant’s life, with continued breastfeeding alongside complementary foods up to two years or beyond, as supported by the World Health Organization (WHO) and other health organizations.

For individuals experiencing challenges with lactation, such as insufficient milk supply or difficulties with milk ejection, consulting a healthcare provider or a lactation specialist can provide guidance and support. Proper nutrition, hydration, and stress management are also important factors in maintaining healthy lactation.