TIRED

Tired is an adjective describing a state of weariness or reduced energy that prompts rest. It can refer to normal, temporary exhaustion after exertion or insufficient sleep, as well as to more persistent fatigue that lasts weeks or months. The term derives from the verb tire, meaning to wear out or exhaust.

Causes of tiredness are varied. They include inadequate sleep, physical or mental exertion, poor nutrition or dehydration, and stress. Medical conditions such as sleep disorders (insomnia, sleep apnea), anemia, thyroid disorders, infections, diabetes, and chronic fatigue syndrome can produce lasting tiredness. Medications, including antihistamines, antidepressants, and sedatives, can contribute. Emotional factors like depression or anxiety commonly accompany tiredness.

Symptoms often include decreased energy, reduced motivation, difficulty concentrating, irritability, yawning, and a strong desire to rest or nap. Sleepiness and fatigue are related but distinct concepts: sleepiness reflects the need for sleep, while fatigue is a broader sense of low energy even after rest.

Evaluation typically starts with medical history and physical examination, with targeted tests if fatigue is persistent or accompanied by red flags such as weight loss, fever, night sweats, or neurological symptoms. Management emphasizes addressing underlying causes and improving sleep and lifestyle: maintaining a regular sleep schedule and good sleep hygiene, balanced meals, adequate hydration, regular physical activity, stress management, and limiting caffeine and alcohol. Treatment may involve addressing mood disorders or specific medical conditions.