Swimming

Swimming is the act of moving through water by using the arms, legs, and body in a coordinated sequence. It relies on buoyancy to maintain height in the water and on propulsion to overcome drag. Humans swim for recreation, fitness, sport, and lifesaving skills, and it is practiced in pools, lakes, rivers, and oceans.

Common strokes include freestyle (front crawl), backstroke, breaststroke, and butterfly. Each stroke uses a distinctive pattern of arm movement, leg kick, and breathing technique. Additional styles such as sidestroke and elementary backstroke are used for learning and safety. Correct technique emphasizes body position, streamlined form, efficient breathing, and a steady rhythm.

Training and competition: Swimming training builds cardiovascular endurance, strength, and propulsion efficiency. Athletes use sets, intervals, drills, and technique work. Races are conducted in pools with standardized distances, and governing bodies organize events; the sport is part of the Olympic Games and is governed internationally by World Aquatics.

Facilities and equipment: Pools may be equipped with lanes, starting blocks, and timing systems. Swimmers typically wear swimsuits designed for reduced drag, swim caps, and goggles; open-water swimmers may use wetsuits and safety devices. Safety equipment includes lifeguards and flotation aids when appropriate.

Safety and health: Learning to swim reduces drowning risk. Supervision, pool rules, and gradual skill development are emphasized, especially for children. Regular swimming supports cardiovascular health, muscular strength, flexibility, and mental well-being. Open-water swimming adds considerations such as currents and temperature.

History: Evidence of swimming exists in many cultures since antiquity. In modern times, organized competition and standardized rules developed in the 19th and 20th centuries, leading to international championships and inclusion in the Olympic program.