Steengoed

Steengoed, or stoneware, is a category of ceramic ware made from stoneware clay and fired at a high temperature until the body vitrifies, producing a dense, non-porous material. The typical composition includes fire clays and sometimes ball clays, with grog or other additives to control texture and workability. After forming, steengoed objects are fired to roughly 1,200–1,300°C (2,190–2,370°F).

The resulting body is strong and water-resistant, often glazed for a finished surface, though some traditional wares are unglazed with a natural, stone-like texture. Glazes used on steengoed pieces vary from glossy to matte and may include decorative effects such as salt glaze, which creates a distinctive textured surface.

Historically, stoneware originated in East Asia and was later adopted and developed in Europe. In Europe, regions such as Westerwald in Germany became famous for salt-glazed stoneware during the early modern period. Stoneware played a significant role in everyday tableware, storage jars, and sanitary ware, as its durability and non-porous nature made it well suited to long-term use.

Modern steengoed continues to be produced worldwide, ranging from traditional, rustic wares to contemporary art pottery. It is commonly used for functional objects like dishes, mugs, jars, and crocks, as well as decorative pieces. Compared with earthenware, stoneware is denser and more resistant to chipping; compared with porcelain, it is typically less translucent and fires at a lower temperature.

Care and handling of steengoed depend on the glaze and finish; some glazes are dishwasher- or microwave-safe, while others require hand washing.