Spondüloartriidid

Spondüloartriidid is a group of inflammatory rheumatic diseases that primarily affect the spine and the sacroiliac joints, which connect the spine to the pelvis. These conditions are characterized by inflammation of the joints, known as arthritis, and can also involve other parts of the body, including the tendons, ligaments, and even the eyes. The term "spondüloartriidid" encompasses several distinct but related conditions, such as ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis, and enteropathic arthritis.

A key feature of many spondüloartriidid is their association with the HLA-B27 gene, although not everyone with this gene develops the condition, and some individuals without it can still be affected. Symptoms can vary widely among individuals and disease types, but commonly include lower back pain and stiffness, particularly worse in the morning and improving with activity. Joint pain and swelling in other areas like the hips, knees, and shoulders can also occur. Enthesitis, which is inflammation where tendons and ligaments attach to bone, is another hallmark symptom, often felt in the heels or elbows.

Diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, blood tests (which may show markers of inflammation but are not specific to spondüloartriidid, and genetic testing for HLA-B27), and imaging studies like X-rays or MRI to visualize joint and bone changes. While there is no cure for spondüloartriidid, treatments focus on managing symptoms, reducing inflammation, and preventing joint damage. These can include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), biologic therapies, and physical therapy. Early diagnosis and consistent management are crucial for maintaining function and improving quality of life.