Sociokratia

Sociokratia, commonly referred to as sociocracy in English, is a governance model for organizations that seeks to improve effectiveness and participation by distributing authority and using consent-based decision making. The approach organizes work into semi-autonomous circles that govern defined domains, with each circle responsible for its own policies and operations. The modern form originated in the Netherlands in the early 20th century, drawing on the work of Kees Boeke and later refined by Gerard Endenburg into a practical system for organizations.

Its core principles include consent-based decision making (no one should block a proposal unless they have a valid concern), equivalence of voice (everyone affected has an equal say), transparency, and continuous feedback. Circles are linked through double-linking: each circle appoints a representative to a higher circle and receives guidance from that circle, ensuring information flow and alignment. Decisions are taken by consent rather than by majority vote, with consent defined as the absence of objections that are valid enough to block the proposal.

Practices include regular circle meetings, structured proposals, defined domains and policies, and roles such as facilitators, coordinators, and delegates to maintain process. The approach emphasizes proactive feedback, documented agreements, and iterative improvement. Applications range from businesses and cooperatives to schools, non-profit organizations, and some local government initiatives. Critics point to the method’s complexity, the time required for consensus, and the challenge of maintaining clarity of authority in large organizations. Supporters argue that it can increase participation, reduce power imbalances, and improve adaptability when implemented with commitment to its principles.