sociocracy

Sociocracy, also known as dynamic governance, is a governance framework that aims to create effective, inclusive decision-making in organizations. It emphasizes consent-based decisions, transparent processes, and the distribution of authority through semi-autonomous circles. The method was formalized in the 1970s by Gerard Endenburg in the Netherlands, drawing on earlier experiments by the Boeke family and their Circle School.

Core principles include consent-based decision making, circle organization, double linking, and explicit roles and policies. Decisions are made by consent, meaning proposals proceed when no one has a reasoned and paramount objection. Circles are semi-autonomous units that govern a defined domain, and they connect to higher circles through double linking to ensure alignment and feedback.

Structure and processes: in a sociocratic system, each circle handles its own governance and operational decisions within its domain. Circles are linked to their parent circles by two representatives: a designated member of the circle and an elected delegate who serves in the higher circle. Roles are created and filled by consent, with clear accountabilities, and policies are written to guide functioning. Day-to-day decisions are delegated to circles, while policy decisions may involve higher circles.

Usage and reception: sociocracy has been adopted by non-profits, cooperatives, schools, and some private organizations seeking participatory governance. Advocates highlight increased transparency, faster adaptation, and greater inclusion; critics note that it can be slower to reach decisions, requires training and cultural commitment, and may be challenging to implement in highly hierarchical or uncertain environments.