Smerinthinae

Smerinthinae is a subfamily of hawk moths in the family Sphingidae. It comprises a diverse group of medium to large moths that share a generally robust body and wings that are often cryptically patterned when at rest. The subfamily has a worldwide distribution, with higher species richness in tropical and subtropical regions and several species reaching temperate zones.

Most species are nocturnal and are strong fliers, frequently visiting flowers for nectar. Many display hindwings with conspicuous patterns or eyespots that are revealed suddenly when alarmed, a strategy to deter predators. Adults typically rest with forewings closed and hindwings hidden. Larvae are herbivorous, feeding on a variety of deciduous trees and shrubs; they are usually camouflaged with green or brown coloration and distinctive markings. Pupation occurs in leaf litter, soil, or within protective habitats, depending on the species.

Taxonomically, Smerinthinae is subdivided into several tribes and contains a number of genera. The subfamily is treated as a distinct lineage within Sphingidae in modern classifications. Notable features across the group include a tendency toward cryptic forewing patterns and, in many species, ornate hindwing markings that aid in predator avoidance. The diversity of Smerinthinae reflects extensive adaptation to nocturnal pollination and varied larval host plants across habitats.