Severum

Severum is a common name for the South American cichlid species Heros severus (formerly Cichlasoma severum). It is distributed in the Amazon basin and adjacent river systems, where it inhabits slow-moving streams, floodplain lakes, and densely vegetated areas. In captivity, severums are among the more popular large cichlids due to their relatively peaceful temperament and attractive color forms.

Description and color forms

Severum individuals typically have a rounded, laterally compressed body and reach about 15–20 cm (6–8 inches) in length in the aquarium. In the hobby, several color morphs are sold, including green severum (greenish body with red or orange markings), gold or lemon severum (paler body with golden hues), and other locally selected variants. The specific coloration can vary with mood, age, and environment.

Behavior and habitat needs

Severums are generally peaceful for a cichlid, but they can be territorial, especially during breeding. They prefer aquariums with ample swimming space, subdued lighting, and plenty of hiding places created by driftwood, rocks, and plants. They adapt to a range of water conditions but typically thrive in temperatures of 24–28°C (75–82°F) and pH about 6.0–7.5.

Diet and care

They are omnivorous and should be offered a varied diet that includes high-quality pellets or flakes, supplemented with live or frozen foods (such as bloodworms or brine shrimp) and vegetables. Regular water changes and stable conditions help prevent stress-related health issues.

Reproduction

In pairs, severums lay eggs on flat surfaces and exhibit parental care. Both adults guard the eggs and fry, which become free-swimming after about a week or two.

Conservation

The IUCN has not specifically evaluated severum; it is widely collected for the aquarium trade and more commonly maintained in captivity than in the wild.