Setophaginae

Setophaginae is a subfamily of New World warblers (family Parulidae). These small, often brightly colored songbirds are primarily found in the Americas, with some species migrating extensively. The subfamily includes a diverse range of species, many of which are insectivorous, feeding on insects and other small invertebrates. Their foraging behaviors are varied, with some species gleaning insects from foliage, while others sally out to catch flying insects.

The plumage of Setophaginae warblers often exhibits striking patterns and colors, particularly in males during the breeding season. These can include vibrant yellows, blues, oranges, and reds, often contrasted with black, white, or gray markings. Females are generally more subdued in coloration, though still often displaying some of the species' characteristic hues. Their songs are typically complex and varied, used for territorial defense and mate attraction.

Nesting habits also differ among species, but most build small, cup-shaped nests, often in trees or shrubs. Diet can vary seasonally, with fruits and nectar sometimes supplementing their insectivorous diet, especially outside the breeding season. The taxonomic classification of Setophaginae has been subject to revision based on genetic research, which has led to the placement of several species within this subfamily that were previously in other groups. This ongoing research highlights the dynamic nature of avian taxonomy.