Selfrighteous

Self-righteous is an adjective used to describe a person who believes that their moral standards are correct and superior to those of others, often accompanied by judgmental certainty and a tendency to condemn or police others’ behavior. The term usually carries a negative or pejorative connotation, signaling smug self-approval rather than virtuous action.

Etymology and usage: The word combines self with righteous and has been in use since the 17th century. It is commonly applied in religious, political, or social contexts where someone presents their beliefs as the only legitimate standard and treats others’ choices as morally deficient. Related terms include sanctimonious, moralistic, and smug, while antonyms include humble, tolerant, and nonjudgmental.

Psychological and social dimensions: Self-righteous attitudes can reflect cognitive biases such as moralization, defensive reasoning, and in-group bias. They often involve moral policing, insistence on purity of standards, and a tendency to frame disagreements as moral failures. Such behavior can impede dialogue, provoke resistance, and contribute to social polarization or alienation.

Nuance and usage: Being principled or morally certain is not inherently self-righteous; the latter implies a arrogant, sanctimonious posture and a readiness to condemn others. In everyday use, describing someone as self-righteous highlights the perceived arrogance and lack of openness rather than simply holding strong convictions.

In sum, self-righteous describes a negatively viewed attitude of moral superiority and judgmental insistence, rather than a legitimate or admirable steadfastness in one's ethical beliefs.