Sauna

A sauna is a small room or building designed for heat sessions, in which users sit and sweat. Traditional Finnish saunas heat the air with a stove and stones to high temperatures, often around 70–100°C, producing dry heat with low humidity. The concept originated in Finland and has spread worldwide, often as part of homes, sports facilities, and public bathhouses.

Saunas vary by heating method. Finnish or traditional saunas use a wood-burning or electric heater placed near a pile of stones; water on the stones creates brief bursts of steam and increases humidity. Interiors are typically wooden with benches at different heights. Infrared saunas use radiant heaters at lower temperatures (roughly 45–60°C) and heat the body directly, rather than the air.

Use and routine: A session begins with washing and warming up, then a timed heat period that commonly lasts 5–20 minutes, sometimes longer for experienced users. People may take several rounds, cooling off between rounds with a shower, a rinse, or a dip in cool water or snow. Finishing with rest is common.

Health and safety: Sauna use can promote relaxation, temporary relief from muscle soreness, and improved circulation, though evidence for long-term health benefits is limited. Risks include dehydration and overheating, especially for those with heart or circulatory conditions, pregnancy, young children, or recent surgery. Hydration, moderation, avoiding alcohol, and listening to one’s body are advised.

Cultural and practical aspects: Sauna culture ranges by country. In Finland and many Nordic countries, nudity is common in private or gender-segregated public saunas; in other places, bathing suits may be customary. Public facilities emphasize cleanliness, towel use, and etiquette such as showering before entering, and cooling between rounds. Modern saunas may be part of homes, gyms, or spa complexes and vary in size, insulation, and energy sources.