woodburning

Woodburning, also known as pyrography, is the art of creating designs on wood by applying heat with a specialized tool. The heat scorches the surface, leaving darkened lines and varying tones to form textures and shading. The term woodburning is sometimes used to refer to heating appliances such as wood-burning stoves and fireplaces, but in the arts it most often denotes pyrography.

History and practice: Although people have manipulated heated objects on wood for centuries, modern pyrography emerged in the 19th and 20th centuries with the development of adjustable-temperature pens. Today artists work freehand or by transferring patterns using graphite or carbon paper, then deepen lines and build tonal effects through multiple passes.

Tools and technique: A pyrography pen or electric tool heats various metal tips to burn lines, dots, and textures. Tip shapes include pointed, ball, and flat; temperature control determines line width and shading. Preparation includes sanding the wood, ensuring a clean surface, and selecting a suitable species. Common woods include basswood, birch, and maple; softwoods burn more quickly, while oily or resinous woods can char unevenly.

Finish and care: After burning, artists may seal the work with oil, wax, varnish, or polyurethane to protect the surface and enhance contrast. The burn should be complete before finishing; testing on scrap wood is advised. Safety and ventilation: Burning wood releases smoke and particulates; use adequate ventilation, dust collection, and personal protective equipment.