Saunas

A sauna is a room or building designed to expose the body to heat in order to induce sweating. The most traditional form is the Finnish sauna, where a heater (electric or wood-fired) warms stones to high temperatures, typically around 70-100°C, with relatively low humidity. Water may be poured on the stones to create a burst of steam, known as löyly. Interiors usually feature wooden benches at different heights and require good ventilation.

There are several common variants. Finnish dry saunas emphasize dry heat, while infrared saunas use radiant heaters to warm the body directly at lower air temperatures, typically around 45-60°C. Some facilities offer steam or humid saunas that increase humidity and provide a different sensory experience, though these are not always classified as saunas. Proper use often involves alternating heat exposure with cooling, and multiple short sessions may be preferred for comfort.

Health effects reported by users include relaxation, muscle looseness, and temporary relief from joint discomfort. Scientific evidence on long-term health benefits is mixed, and saunas should not replace medical treatment. Safety considerations include the risk of dehydration and overheating, especially for people with cardiovascular conditions, pregnancy, or those consuming alcohol. Users should hydrate, shower before use, start with shorter sessions, and cool down gradually. Children and older adults should use saunas with care and supervision.

Historically, saunas originated in Northern Europe, particularly Finland, and have become widespread worldwide in homes, spas, and fitness facilities. Regular maintenance includes cleaning, inspecting the heater and ventilation, and periodically replacing sauna stones.