Interiors

Interiors is the field concerned with the design and optimization of indoor spaces. It covers the interior environments of buildings, including living rooms, offices, schools, stores, and other enclosed spaces. The practice focuses on enhancing function, safety, comfort, and aesthetics for the people who use them. Interiors integrates architectural concepts with human-centered design to create spaces that respond to climate, culture, technology, and activity patterns.

Interior designers and interior architects work on space planning, circulation, lighting, acoustics, color, texture, materials, and furnishings. They address accessibility, safety codes, and sustainability, and coordinate with other professionals during construction. The selection of furniture, fixtures, finishes, and equipment (FF&E) shapes the look and operation of a space, while detailing and schedules translate design intent into buildable instructions.

Historically, interior styles reflect broader cultural and technological contexts, from classical and vernacular traditions to modern and contemporary movements. Today, trends such as biophilic design, energy efficiency, and smart technologies influence choices in materials, lighting, and automation. Interior design emphasizes the balance between form and function, using principles like space planning, scale, proportion, color theory, hierarchy, rhythm, and texture.

Process: Programming and concept development lead to schematic design, design development, and construction documentation. Professionals collaborate with architects, engineers, contractors, and clients, navigate budgets, timelines, and approvals, and ensure compliance with building codes, fire safety regulations, and accessibility standards.

Types of interiors: residential interiors prioritize comfort and personalization; commercial interiors aim for productivity and brand experience; institutional interiors emphasize safety and durability; hospitality interiors focus on guest comfort and service flow.