Pyrginae

Pyrginae is a subfamily of butterflies within the family Hesperiidae, commonly known as spread-wing skippers. Members are distinguished by a habit of resting with their forewings and hindwings held flat or slightly open, a contrast to many other skippers that hold their wings at an angle. The subfamily contains a diverse array of genera and species distributed worldwide.

Morphology and identification within Pyrginae varies widely, but many species are small to medium in size with relatively broad wings. Color patterns are diverse, ranging from browns and grays to brighter oranges and whites, often with bold bands or markings that provide camouflage against tree bark, leaves, or rocks. Because of this diversity, identification typically relies on a combination of wing pattern, shape, and regional species lists rather than a single diagnostic trait.

Distribution and ecology: Pyrginae occur globally in suitable habitats, including grasslands, meadows, shrublands, forests, and even urban areas. Larval host plants are diverse, with caterpillars feeding on many plant families such as Fabaceae, Rosaceae, and Asteraceae. Adults nectar at a wide range of flowers. Many species are strong fliers and can be active in open sunlight, sometimes exhibiting rapid, erratic flight.

Taxonomy and systematics: Pyrginae is one of several subfamilies within Hesperiidae. Within Pyrginae, tribes such as Pyrgini and Celaenorrhinini are recognized in some classifications, but taxonomy can vary among sources, and molecular studies have led to revisions in relationships among genera. The group includes genera like Pyrgus, which comprises the grizzled skippers, among others.

Notable genera: Pyrgus (grizzled skippers) represents a well-known example within the subfamily, illustrating the characteristic spread-wing resting posture and varied wing patterns found in Pyrginae.