Polymerdämpfer

Polymerdämpfer, or polymer dampers, are devices or components that use viscoelastic polymer materials to absorb and dissipate mechanical vibrations and shocks. The damping effect arises from internal friction within the polymer as it deforms, converting kinetic energy into heat. The performance is characterized by the material’s complex modulus and loss factor, which depend on frequency, temperature, and the geometry of the damper.

Polymer dampers come in various forms. Common configurations include laminated or bonded elastomer layers, where a viscoelastic polymer is sandwiched between rigid substrates to provide shear or compressive damping. Other forms feature polymer inserts in mounts and bushings, or polymer gels and foams that deform under load. The choice of polymer—such as polyurethane, silicone, or acrylics—allows tailoring of stiffness, damping, and temperature range for specific applications.

Applications span automotive, industrial, and consumer sectors. They are used in engine and transmission mounts, vibration isolators for machinery, mounting systems for precision equipment, and building or aerospace components where vibration and acoustic control are important. Polymer dampers are valued for their lightweight, corrosion resistance, and the ability to tailor damping by formulation and geometry.

Advantages and limitations should be considered. Benefits include high damping in compact packages, good low-weight performance, and broad design flexibility. Limitations involve temperature sensitivity, aging and creep, potential degradation from UV exposure or chemicals, and changes in properties over the service life.

Design and testing typically rely on dynamic mechanical analysis to determine loss factor and storage modulus, along with vibration tests to verify damping over the relevant frequency and temperature range. Selection depends on operating temperature, load, desired damping level, and environmental conditions.