Policysanalys

Policysanalys, also known as policy analysis, is the systematic examination of public policies and programs to understand how they are designed, implemented, and what effects they produce. The aim is to inform decision-makers and improve public outcomes. The term is used across languages, with English literature often using policy analysis or public policy analysis.

Core activities include problem framing, generation of policy options, assessment of likely impacts, trade-off analysis, and clear communication of findings. Analysts consider economic, social, environmental, legal, and political factors, and base judgments on evidence and transparent reasoning.

Common methods include cost-benefit analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, multi-criteria decision analysis, program evaluation, impact evaluation, scenario analysis, modeling, and evidence synthesis. Qualitative methods such as stakeholder analysis and theory of change are also used to understand context and implementation.

Policy analysis follows a typical process: scoping and problem definition, option generation, impact assessment, recommendation, implementation planning, and monitoring and evaluation. Analysts work with policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders to ensure relevance and methodological rigor.

Applications span government departments, international organizations, and non-profit sectors, guiding budget decisions, regulatory design, program redesign, and policy reforms in health, education, environment, housing, transport, and beyond.

Relationship to other fields: policy analysis draws on economics, political science, statistics, sociology, and public administration. Limitations include data limitations and uncertainty, the need to make value judgments in selecting criteria, and political constraints that influence choices.