Plasticiseren

Plasticiseren is the process of making a material plastic or pliable, typically by adding a plasticizer. The term is most often used in the context of polymers and elastomers, where a flexible additive is incorporated to modify the material’s mechanical behavior. When a plasticizer is added, the polymer chains are separated slightly, which reduces intermolecular forces and increases free volume. As a result, the material can deform more readily at lower stresses and temperatures, and its viscosity is typically lowered.

The plasticization technique is applied in many industrial sectors. In the manufacture of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) films, foils, and tubing, plasticizers such as phthalates or adipates are added to achieve the desired flexibility and processability. In rubber production, oil or greases act as plasticizers, improving workability during mixing and compounding. Plasticizers also find use in coatings, adhesives, and certain plastics designed for food packaging or medical devices, although concentrations are regulated in many countries to ensure safety.

Historically, the term dates back to the early 20th century when the growing demand for flexible synthetic polymers required additives to improve handling properties. The environmental impact of plasticization has become a major area of research. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from plasticizers can migrate out of the polymer, potentially releasing harmful substances into the environment and affecting human health. Consequently, global regulatory frameworks now limit the use of certain plasticizers, and research is focused on developing more environmentally friendly alternatives such as bio‑based plasticizers or those with lower migration rates.

Overall, plasticiseren remains a critical process for tailoring the mechanical properties of polymers and elastomers for a wide range of applications, while balancing economic performance and environmental responsibility.