adipates

Adipates are esters derived from adipic acid (hexanedioic acid) in which the acid’s two carboxyl groups are esterified with alcohols. Commercial adipates are typically diesters, formed from various alcohols, and they appear as colorless liquids with relatively low volatility. The term often refers to a family of plasticizers and related additives based on adipic acid.

The most widely used adipate plasticizers include di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA), dioctyl adipate (DOA), diisooctyl adipate (DIOA), and diisodecyl adipate (DIDA). These compounds are added to polymers, especially polyvinyl chloride (PVC), to impart flexibility, improve low-temperature performance, and enhance processing. Beyond plastics, adipates are used as solvents or plasticizers in coatings, inks, adhesives, and lubricants.

Production typically involves esterification of adipic acid with selected alcohols, or transesterification of other adipate esters. The resulting adipate esters vary in properties such as polarity, compatibility with polymers, and volatility, influencing their suitability for different applications.

Safety and regulation of adipates vary by compound and region. They are generally considered to have lower acute toxicity than some phthalate plasticizers and have been explored as alternatives in certain applications; however, regulatory reviews and restrictions may apply, particularly for consumer goods and toys. As with many additives, environmental and health considerations depend on the specific adipate ester and its use.